The incretin effect describes the phenomenon whereby oral glucose intake elicits a higher insulin response compared to intravenously introduced glucose that produces the same levels of serum glucose levels.

Apr 1, 2011 · It is well known that the incretin effect contributes as much as half of the insulin secretory response to oral glucose load and that this effect is reduced along with worsening glucose tolerance in those with type 2 diabetes.

GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) und GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) are the known incretin hormones from the upper (GIP, K cells) and lower (GLP-1, L cells) gut. Together, they are responsible for the incretin effect: a two- to three-fold higher insulin secretory response to oral as compared to intravenous glucose administration.

Oct 2, 2023 · Incretins are gut hormones that aid in digestion and blood glucose (sugar) control. They include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Incretin mimetics are medications that mimic incretin hormones. They’re currently approved for Type 2 diabetes or chronic weight management in certain people.

The incretin effect describes the phenomenon whereby oral glucose elicits higher insulin secretory responses than does intravenous glucose, despite inducing similar levels of glycaemia, in healthy individuals.

The incretin effect—the amplification of insulin secretion after oral vs intravenous administration of glucose as a mean to improve glucose tolerance—was suspected even before insulin was discovered, and today we know that the effect is due to the ...

Gastrointestinal hormones that stimulate insulin secretion at physiological concentrations are incretins. This concept has recently attracted considerable attention in the wake of drugs developed from the gut hormone GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) for diabetes therapy.

Since 2005, two new classes of drugs based on incretin action have been approved for lowering blood glucose levels in T2DM: an incretin mimetic (exenatide, which is a potent long-acting agonist of the GLP-1 receptor) and an incretin enhancer (sitagliptin, which is a DPP4 inhibitor).

Feb 11, 2016 · This Review aims to provide exact definitions for the incretin effect and describe its physiological mechanisms, alterations in various forms of diabetes, and how, in clinical practice, incretin-based drugs and bariatric surgery modify the …

Feb 1, 2011 · Progressive deterioration of the incretin system has been shown to be a key component of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Improved understanding of the physiology underlying incretins has led to the development of new therapies that act through modulation of the incretin system.