Jul 14, 2023 · The second research question concerns the actual empirical evidence on what factors drive individuals' likelihood of engaging in different types (e.g., black, gray, and white forms) of administrative corruption.

Dec 12, 2017 · 44 per cent of Americans believe that corruption is pervasive in the White House, up from 36 per cent in 2016. Almost 7 out of 10 people believe the government is failing to fight corruption, up from half in 2016. Close to a third of African-Americans surveyed see the police as highly corrupt, compared to a fifth across the survey overall.

Sep 8, 2022 · Black and white sounding names were used as a proxy for the leader’s ethnicity. However, when corruption increased under the leaders’ tenure, neither black nor white respondents differed in how they perceived leaders with white and black sounding names.

"Black" corruption includes acts that a "majority consensus . . . would condemn and would want to see punished on the grounds of principle." Heidenheimer suggests that as societies modernize, behavior that was once seen as "white" becomes "gray," and may eventually turn "black."

Jul 13, 2012 · In Rumor, Repression and Racial Politics, author George Derek Musgrove looks at the history of black elected officials being investigated for alleged wrongdoing.

Feb 23, 2021 · Rooted in slavery, racial disparities in policing and police violence, they say, are sustained by systemic exclusion and discrimination, and fueled by implicit and explicit bias.

useful framework for normative analysis in terms of black, gray, and white categories. An evaluation of "black" corruption indicates behavior that both state opinion and public opinion generally condemn and want punished as a matter of principle. "Gray" corruption signifies behavior that some segments

A growing body of analysis has explored how kleptocrats systematically capture and loot their domestic state institutions, but scholars and policy makers have paid less attention to how globalization enables grand corruption, as well as the laundering of …

Dec 31, 2019 · Pay attention: “Corruption” still tends to be used in contemporary media predominantly to describe non-white people. Yes, anyone can commit acts of corruption—but only certain kinds of societies are thought to tend toward corruption and those tend to be Latin American, African, or Eastern European.

Dec 23, 2021 · For Black Americans the risk is significantly higher. In this study, we analyze the political determinants of police killings of Black Americans, with a specific focus on corruption in American states.