Figure 1: My 1967 thesis drawing of an excitable membrane showing three separate types of ion channels Na, K and leak (L), as well as the Na-K ATPase pump, a "carrier," a serine protease modeled ...

Deep neural networks will allow signal transfer of nerve cells to be analyzed in real time in the future. That is the result ...

passively through ion channels or actively through ion pumps such as symporters and antiporters. Iron and manganese are essential nutrients that have to be taken up with our diet and distributed ...