As reindeer travel, their grazing and trampling affect vegetation patterns and nutrient cycles, shaping the Arctic landscape. They act as ecosystem engineers, leaving a changed landscape behind them.

At the second meeting, the parties will discuss methods to calculate the damage caused by the reindeer grazing. In the future, the meeting may be included in the 1977 Russian-Norwegian agreement ...

The wind parks were built on traditional grazing land for reindeer, which the Sami raise for their meat, hide and antlers. Herders say the animals have been scared off by the cacophony of ...

Because of the fragmentation of land, in some areas, even trucks have to be used to transport reindeer between different grazing areas, which is costly and not environmentally friendly.