The Sumerians of Mesopotamia are considered the world's oldest civilisation, dating back to around 4000 BCE. The Sumerians were the first to establish cities, write a language, and create art.

First developed around 3200 B.C. by Sumerian scribes in the ancient city-state of Uruk, in present-day Iraq, as a means of recording transactions, cuneiform writing was created by using a reed ...

When did writing develop? The oldest known example of writing comes from Mesopotamia and dates to about 3300 BC. In time different-looking writing appeared in the river valleys of Egypt ...

Sumerian was a non-Semitic language which is now extinct. This tablet has writing on both sides detailing how Enlil-izu and Ahi-Sin gave a temple a number of animals to cover 4 months dues.