To identify when oxygen levels rose enough to oxygenate the deep ocean, experts undertook an expedition, according to Earth.com. They examined the oxidation state of iron in igneous rocks formed ...

The work, published in Nature Communications, offers insight into how early life adapted from a low-oxygen atmosphere to the one that exists today.

highlighting the role of different oxidation pathways depending on the energy of the oxygen molecules involved. The research demonstrated that both thermal and high-energy molecular beam exposures ...