African Americans in the North lived in a strange state of semi ... ideas used to justify the institution. The concepts of "black" and "white" did not arrive with the first Europeans and Africans ...

And there were whites who refused to fight once black soldiers were admitted. The North was also hit by economic depression, and enraged white people rioted against African Americans, who they ...

In honor of Black History Month, Duke celebrates African Americans’ distinctive achievements in Durham. While Duke has had an ...